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Nj Refinance-Central Nj Lexus Dealers Look Forward To New Compact Luxury Hybrid

Central Nj Lexus Dealers Look Forward To New Compact Luxury Hybrid

The auto industry is raining more and more praise on two interconnected terms: “compact” and “hybrid.” We should all know what both of these terms refer to, and it shouldn’t be a surprise that a convoluted industry has moved forward in the direction of smaller, more fuel efficient vehicles. Thus far, we have seen a lot of manufacturers playing in these spaces with mid-range and less expensive vehicles. In stride with Toyota’s innovative Prius model, automakers want to make driving more affordable for middle America, and the movement has been working swimmingly.

Right up until the recent recalls enacted by Toyota, that is. A brand name that has been associated with cutting edge fuel technology and overall quality up until now, the Prius is suddenly throwing a lot of negative energy towards the fuel revolution it played a huge part in spearheading. But Toyota’s other big brand, Lexus, is out to change all that for central NJ Lexus dealers. A recent press release announced that Lexus is gearing up to debut a brand new compact, full hybrid luxury vehicle that will bring a touch of class to a segment dominated by more practical vehicles. Monmouth NJ Lexus drivers are stoked to find out how this new vehicle will affect the automotive market.

According to Lexus, this new vehicle will debut at this month’s Geneva Auto Show. The announcement comes on the heels of Lexus’ move to trademark the names CT 200h, CT 300h and CT 400h last fall, and the new model will feature these brand names – beginning with the CT 200h unveiling in Geneva. NJ luxury vehicles are in for a wakeup call when this innovative new luxury car hits the market in the near future. Thus far, we’ve seen a lot of luxury automakers experimenting with fuel efficient engine technology, but experts project we haven’t seen anything like this premium compact.

According the Lexus’ press release, “Created for motorists who want to lower their emissions, but not their standards, the CT 200h will be the first full hybrid vehicle in the premium compact segment. It will offer new levels of refinement, sophistication and attention to detail, without compromising style or driving pleasure.”

While we don’t have a lot of details yet, we have enough to wet your whistle until a more in-depth description emerges from the Geneva show. As a gateway model, the new CT 200h will bring second generation Lexus Hybrid Drive technology to central NJ Lexus drivers. It is just speculation thus far, but car experts think the new hybrid will receive an engine based on the 1.8-liter engine with Toyota’s Hybrid Synergy Drive (included in the latest Prius model) or the 2.4-liter hybrid drivetrain included in the HS250h. Regardless, Monmouth NJ Lexus drivers should expect a solid driving experience from this new vehicle.

In terms of NJ luxury vehicles, the CT 200h should build off of the Lexus LF-Ch compact hybrid concept car. Check out some pictures of the concept for a better idea of what the car will look like.

Nm Refinance-Dodge Viper

Dodge Viper

Development

The Viper was conceived as a historical take on the classic American sports car. The iconic AC Cobra was a source of inspiration, and the final version of the Viper bears this out with its powerful engine, minimalist straightforward design, muscular and aggressive styling, and high performance. Some saw claims to kinship with the Cobra as a marketing exercise, ignoring that Carroll Shelby was heavily involved in the initial design of the Viper, and subsequent design of the Viper GTS coupe. Notably, the later (1996 through 2002) Viper GTS coupe took a few design cues from the Pete Brock designed Shelby Cobra Daytona. Though the proportions seem similar at first glance, the designs are quite unique. Carroll Shelby was key in the development of the RT/10 as well as having a hand in the development of the GTS model.

The Viper was initially conceived in late 1988 at Chrysler’s Advanced Design Studios. The following February, Chrysler president Bob Lutz suggested to Tom Gale at Chrysler Design that the company should consider producing a modern Cobra, and a clay model was presented to Lutz a few months later. Produced in sheet metal by Metalcrafters, the car appeared as a concept at the North American International Auto Show in 1989. Public reaction was so enthusiastic, that chief engineer Roy Sjoberg was directed to develop it as a standard production vehicle.

Sjoberg selected 85 engineers to be “Team Viper,” with development beginning in March 1989. The team asked the then-Chrysler subsidiary Lamborghini to cast some prototype aluminum blocks based on Dodge’s V10 truck engine for sports car use in May. The production body was completed in the fall, with a chassis prototype running in December. Though a V8 was first used in the test mule, the V10, which the production car was meant to use, was ready in February 1990.

Official approval from Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca came in May 1990. One year later, Carroll Shelby piloted a pre-production car as the pace vehicle in the Indianapolis 500 race. In November 1991, the car was released to reviewers with first retail shipments beginning in January 1992.

First generation RT/10 (19921995)

First Generation Viper RT/10

Production

19921995

Body style(s)

2-door roadster

Engine(s)

7.998 L (488.1 cu in) V10

400 bhp (298 kW)

465 lbft (630 Nm)

Transmission(s)

6-speed manual

Wheelbase

96.2 in (2,440 mm)

Length

175.1 in (4,450 mm)

Width

75.7 in (1,920 mm)

Height

44.0 in (1,120 mm)

Curb weight

3,284 lb (1,490 kg)

The first prototype was tested in January 1989. It debuted in 1991 with two pre-production models as the pace car for the Indianapolis 500 when Dodge was forced to substitute it in place of the Japanese-built Stealth because of complaints from the United Auto Workers, and went on sale in January 1992 as the RT/10 Roadster.

The centerpiece of the car was its engine. It was based on the Chrysler LA design, which was a truck engine. The original configuration made it too heavy for sports car use, so Lamborghini, then owned by Chrysler Corporation, revamped Dodge’s cast-iron block V10 for the Viper by recasting the block and head in aluminum alloy. Some within Chrysler felt the pushrod two-valve design, while adequate for the truck application, was unsuitable for a performance car and suggested a more comprehensive redesign which would have included four valves per cylinder. Chrysler, however, was uncertain about the Viper’s production costs and sales potential and so declined to provide the budget for the modification.

The engine weighed 711 lb (323 kg) and produced 400 bhp (300 kW) at 4600 rpm and 465 lbft (630 Nm) at 3600 rpm, and thanks to the long-gearing allowed by the engine, provided fuel economy at a United States Environmental Protection Agency-rated 12 mpg-US (20 L/100 km; 14 mpg-imp) city and 20 mpg-US (12 L/100 km; 24 mpg-imp) highway. The body was a tubular steel frame with resin transfer molding (RTM) fiberglass panels. Some small bits of the suspension, (tie-rod ends and parts of the front wheel hubs) following the manufacturer’s “engine first” mantra, were sourced from the Dodge Dakota pickup. It had a curb weight of 3,284 lb (1,490 kg) and lacked all modern driver aids such as traction control or anti-lock brakes. Car and Driver magazine referred to this generation as “the world’s biggest Fat Boy Harley,” and likened driving it to “playing ping pong with a Louisville Slugger baseball bat.” Despite this, in straight line performance, it completed a quarter mile in 12.6 seconds and had a maximum speed of over 180 mph (290 km/h). Its large tires allowed the car to average close to 1 lateral g in corners, placing it among the elite cars of its day. However, the car proved tricky to drive at high speeds, particularly for the unskilled.

The car was spartan, although it featured inflatable lumbar support and adjustable seats. Along with the absence of exterior door handles, the vehicle lacked side windows and a roof. Although a soft top cover was available, it was designed primarily for indoor vehicle storage. Side curtains of fabric and clear plastic operated by zippers could be inserted into the door and hand-bolted when needed. All of these decisions were made to reduce weight. The battery is located in the sealed compartment over the rear wheel well to increase rear-end weight and traction. The car shipped with a tonneau cover and video tape on soft-top assembly (the soft top is removable and folds to fit in the trunk). In 1994 A/C was added as an option.

Performance

Dodge Viper first generation

0-60 mph (97 km/h): 4.6 sec

0-100 mph (160 km/h): 9.2 sec

quarter mile: 13.1 sec @ 112 mph (180 km/h)

top speed: 164 mph (264 km/h)

700 ft (210 m) slalom: over 66 mph (106 km/h)

skidpad average g: 0.96

Second generation SR (19962002)

Second Generation Viper RT/10, GTS

Production

19962002

Body style(s)

2-door roadster

2-door coupe

Engine(s)

7.998 L (488.1 cu in) V10 415 bhp (309 kW) (Viper RT/10 1996 – 1997)

450 bhp (336 kW) (Viper GTS and Viper RT/10 from 1998 – 2002)

Transmission(s)

6-speed manual

Wheelbase

96.2 in (2,440 mm)

Length

175.1 in (4,450 mm) (1996-99 RT/10)

176.4 in (4,480 mm) (2000-02 RT/10)

176.7 in (4,490 mm) (GTS)

Width

75.7 in (1,920 mm)

Height

44.0 in (1,120 mm) (RT/10)

47.0 in (1,190 mm) (GTS)

A coupe model called the GTS was introduced in 1996. Dubbed “double bubble,” the roof featured slightly raised sections above each seat to accommodate usage of helmets, a throwback to its intended purpose. Vipers can be seen participating often in drag racing, road racing and drifting. The GTS, like its predecessor, was chosen as the pace car for the 1996 Indianapolis 500.

Despite its similar outward appearance, the car was distinct enough to be considered a new generation model.[citation needed] Extensive modifications such as a reworked engine with higher power and less weight, an almost completely redesigned chassis that was made 60 lb (27 kg) lighter and 25% stiffer in torsional rigidity through meticulous computer analysis, a thoroughly redesigned suspension, and reduced braking distances; the 1996 to 2002 Viper GTS had a lighter (approximately 650 lb (290 kg)) 450 bhp (340 kW) engine, which could complete the quarter mile in 12.3 seconds, 0.3 seconds and 16 mph (26 km/h) faster than its predecessor, and increased top speed by 11 mph (18 km/h) or so. The revised suspension, stiffer chassis, and aerodynamic body raised lateral grip to 0.98 g (9.6 m/s), although other reports show the 1992 model with 1.0 g. Contemporary tires have improved upon this measure significantly. Slalom runs could often reach or exceed 70 mph (110 km/h). Brakes once again lacked ABS initially, and proved to be the car’s weakest point. The brakes hurt the car in numerous comparison tests, such as a 1997 “supercar comparison” by Motor Trend, in which the Viper GTS placed at the top against cars such as the Ferrari 550, Chevrolet Corvette, Porsche 911, and Honda NSX in all performance exercises except braking. The car not only placed last, but had considerably longer stopping distances than other vehicles. ABS was introduced further into the production run, though braking performance was not necessarily significantly improved. In a Sports Car International comparison conducted in 2002, the Viper ACR (with ABS) was compared to the 911 GT2 at Thunderhill Raceway Park. Both cars were very capable, and quick around the test track, but the Viper proved more difficult to drive, and the braking system was blamed very specifically for the gap in lap times (approximately GT2: 2 minutes, ACR: 2:04) between the two cars.

Along with the updated performance came the inclusion of some of the “luxuries” the car did without before. Dual front airbags were added to the vehicle’s safety equipment list in 1996 on the GTS and 1997 on the RT/10 as mandated by the government. The car was also exported to Europe, where it was rebadged as a Chrysler, and sold under this marque from 1997 to 2003. European models had a detuned version of the Viper V10.

In the first six years of production almost 10,000 Vipers were sold. Minor evolutionary changes including new 18″ diameter wheels and tires were introduced in the 1999 model. Subsequent versions featured light-weight hypereutectic pistons and an improved exhaust system, side exhaust having been dropped part way through production year 1996 for the RT/10; all production GTS Viper Coupes had rear exit exhaust. 1999 saw the introduction of the Cognac Connolly leather interior package. Continuing the refinements, ABS was introduced in 2001. In 2002, the end of second generation production was celebrated with the release of 360 commemorative “Final Edition” models. These models were painted red with white stripes, paying tribute to the famous race-winning Oreca cars. The RT/10 was replaced by the SRT-10 in 2003 and the GTS was replaced in 2005 by the SRT-10 Coupe.

Performance (GTS)

Dodge Viper second generation

0-60 mph (97 km/h): 4.0 sec

0-100 mph (160 km/h): 8.6 sec[citation needed]

quarter mile: 12.2 sec @ 119 mph (192 km/h)

top speed: 187 mph (301 km/h)

slalom: 73.6 mph (118.4 km/h)

skidpad average acceleration: 1.01 g (9.9 m/s)

Third generation ZB (2003-2006)

Third Generation Viper SRT-10

Also called

Dodge SRT-10 (UK)

Production

20032006

Body style(s)

2-door roadster

2-door coupe

Engine(s)

505 cu in (8.3 L) V10

500 hp (370 kW) @ 5600 rpm

535 lbft (725 Nm) @ 4200 rpm (SRT-10 Roadster)

510 hp (380 kW) @ 5600 rpm

535 lbft (725 Nm) @ 4200 rpm (SRT-10 Coupe)

Transmission(s)

T56 Tremec 6-speed manual

Wheelbase

98.8 in (2,510 mm)

Length

175.6 in (4,460 mm)

Width

75.7 in (1,920 mm)

Height

47.6 in (1,210 mm) (coupe)

48.6 in (1,230 mm) (SRT-10)

48.6 in (1,230 mm) (convertible)

Curb weight

3,380 lb (1,530 kg)

The Dodge Viper underwent a major redesign in 2003, courtesy of DaimlerChrysler’s Street and Racing Technology group. The new Viper SRT-10, which replaced both the GTS and the RT/10 was heavily restyled with sharp, angled bodywork. The engine’s displacement was enlarged to 505 cu in (8.3 L) which, with other upgrades, combined to increase output to 500 bhp (370 kW) and 525 lbft (712 Nm). Along with the power increases, weight was reduced into the 500 lb (230 kg) range. The chassis was also improved. It became more rigid and weighed approximately 80 lb (36 kg) less than the previous model. An even lighter and stronger chassis was planned, but was abandoned because of cost (parts from the planned suspension were used in the Hennessey Viper Venom 1000 Twin Turbo.) The initial model was a convertible. In 2004, Dodge introduced a limited edition Mamba package. Mamba edition cars featured black interiors, with red stitching and trim and saw their MSRP price rise by roughly US00. 200 Mambas were produced.

The Viper SRT-10 Coupe was introduced at the 2005 Detroit Auto Show as a 2006 model. It shares many of its body panels with the convertible but takes its side and rear styling from the Competition Coupe. The coupe looks much like the previous Viper GTS and retains the “double-bubble” roof shape of the original along with the original GTS’s taillights, as well as offering the original GTS Blue with white stripes paint scheme on the initial run of First Edition cars as an added homage to the original Viper coupe. The engine is SAE certified to produce 510 bhp (380 kW) and 535 lbft (725 Nm). Unlike the original coupe, the chassis was not modified. This makes the coupe heavier than the convertible, and thus slightly slower to accelerate. Handling and high speed performance are improved by the coupe’s stiffer frame, reduced drag, and increased downforce.

No 2007 model Vipers were produced. Instead, Chrysler chose to give the 2006 model an extended run while preparing the updated 2008 model.

Performance

Dodge Viper third generation (SRT-10 roadster)

0-60 mph (97 km/h): 3.9 sec

0-100 mph (160 km/h): 8.36 sec

quarter mile: 11.77 sec @ 123.68 mph (199.04 km/h)

top speed: 190 mph (310 km/h)

slalom: 70.4 mph (113.3 km/h)

skidpad average acceleration: 1.05 g (10.3 m/s2)

100-0: 274 ft (84 m)

Dodge Viper third generation Chipa Edition Red line

0-60 mph (97 km/h): 3.5 sec

0-100 mph (160 km/h): 8.1 sec

quarter mile: 11.54 sec @ 123.68 mph (199.04 km/h)

top speed: 199 mph (320 km/h)

slalom: 70.9 mph (114.1 km/h)

skidpad average acceleration: 1.05 g (10.3 m/s2)

100-0: 274 ft (84 m)

Fourth generation ZB (2008resent)

Fourth Generation Viper SRT-10

Production

20082010

Body style(s)

2-door roadster

2-door coupe

Engine(s)

510 cu in (8.4 L) V10

600 bhp (450 kW) @ 6000 rpm

560 lbft (760 Nm) @ 5600 rpm

Transmission(s)

TR6060 6-speed manual

Wheelbase

98.8 in (2,510 mm)

Length

175.6 in (4,460 mm)

Width

75.7 in (1,920 mm)

Height

47.6 in (1,210 mm) (coupe)

48.6 in (1,230 mm) (SRT-10)

48.6 in (1,230 mm) (convertible)

Curb weight

3,460 lb (1,570 kg) (base)

3,408 lb (1,546 kg) (ACR)

In 2008, with the introduction of the 510 cu in (8.4 L) V10, the Viper produced 600 bhp (450 kW) at 6000 rpm and 560 lbft (760 Nm) at 5100 rpm, and also received better flowing heads with larger valves, Mechadyne cam-in-cam variable valve timing on the exhaust cam lobes, and dual electronic throttle bodies. The rev limit was able to be increased by 300 rpm due to the improved valve-train stability from both the new camshaft profiles and valve-springs. The development of the engine was done with some external assistance from McLaren Automotive and Ricardo Consulting Engineers. Electronic engine control is developed by Continental AG, the controller is capable of monitoring the crankshaft and cylinder position up to six times during each firing and has 10 times more processing power compared to the previous unit.

Changes outside of the engine were less extreme. The Tremec T56 transmission has been replaced with a new Tremec TR6060 which now has triple first gear synchronizers and doubles for higher gears. The Dana M44-4 rear axle from the 2003-2006 model now has a GKN ViscoLok speed-sensing limited-slip differential that greatly helps the tires in getting grip under acceleration. Another performance upgrade was the removal of run-flat tires; the new Michelin Pilot Sport 2 tires have increased driver feedback as well as grip and, along with revised suspension (springs, anti-roll bars, and shock valving), has made the Viper more neutral in cornering.

The modifications made to the 2008 model year car were enough for Chrysler to make it distinct from the first SRT-10, and the 2008 model became known as Gen IV,[citation needed] just in time for release with Chevrolet’s 638 hp (476 kW) Corvette ZR1. Another notable change is the reworking of the exhaust system, previous third generation Vipers had their exhaust crossover under the seats which resulted in a large amount of heat going into the cockpit, this was done initially to help improve the cars exhaust note, since the first 2 generations of Viper, which had no crossover, were criticized for their lackluster exhaust notes. For 2008, the Viper exhaust will utilize a new exhaust system with no crossover, reducing the heat that enters the cockpit.

The electrical system has been completely revised for 2008. Changes include a 180-amp alternator, twin electric cooling fans, electronic throttles, and completely new VENOM engine management system. CAN bus architecture has been intertwined with pre-existing systems to allow for regulatory compliance. The fuel system was upgraded to include a higher capacity fuel pump and filtration system.

Car and Driver recently tested the car and got a 0-60 mph (97 km/h) time of 3.5 seconds, a 0-100 mph (160 km/h) time of 7.6 seconds and a Quarter Mile-time of 11.5 seconds at 126 mph (203 km/h). Dodge’s claims for top speed are 197 mph (317 km/h) and 202 mph (325 km/h), for the Roadster and Coupe respectively. Car and Driver also tested the Viper’s track performance, and managed a fast sub 3 minute lap time around Virginia International Raceway. The Viper’s time, despite hot weather, was faster than the Corvette Z06, Ford GT, Porsche 911 Turbo and 911 GT3, Audi R8, and other such cars. According to Car and Driver and Motor Trend, the car’s slightly adjusted suspension setup and new differential gave it cornering ability as sharp as before with even better control, feedback, and response.

On November 4, 2009, Dodge Car Brand President and CEO, Ralph Gilles, announced that the Viper would end production in the summer of 2010. A new car will arrive in 2012 to replace the current Viper, but it is unknown whether the new car will have the Viper name.

On February 10, 2010, Dodge began accepting orders for the Viper SRT10 “Final Edition” models. Only 32 of these units will be produced. “Final Edition” cars will carry the special build code, “AXZ”, and will be the very last of the fourth generation Viper cars. “Final Edition” Vipers will be available in SRT10 Coupe and Convertible configurations. Pricing for this special, limited production offering has not been released.

Performance (2008 base model)

Dodge Viper fourth generation

060 mph (097 km/h): 3.5 sec
0100 mph (0160 km/h): 7.6 sec
quickest quarter mile: 10.92 sec @ 127.79 mph (205.66 km/h)
average quarter mile: 11.6 to 11.9 sec.

top speed: 202 mph (325 km/h)

slalom: 74.2 mph (119 km/h)+

skidpad average acceleration: 1.06 g (10.4 m/s)

1000 mph (1600 km/h): 270 ft (82 m)

Europe

The second generation Vipers were exported to Europe, where they were sold as Chryslers.

The third generation Viper was being sold in Europe during 2005-2006, the first model to be sold as a Dodge, as part of Chrysler’s new sales strategy for the European market. In the United Kingdom it is referred to as a Viper, but it is actually sold as the Dodge SRT-10, as the Viper name is a registered trademark in the UK. Prodrive currently handles the importation and modification of Vipers to meet European laws. According to 2009 research by internet company Yahoo, the Viper is the second most fuel consuming car on sale in the United Kingdom.

Variants

Viper GT2

In order to meet FIA homologation requirements as well as to celebrate Chrysler winning the 1997 FIA GT2 class championship, 100 modified Viper GT2 Championship Edition street legal cars were sold. These upgraded GTS cars were rated at 460 hp (343 kW) and 500 lbft (678 Nm) of torque. It featured bodywork aesthetically similar to the GTS-R with its paint job, aerodynamics package, and visual options in order to publicize the Viper’s achievement in the FIA GT Championship.

Viper ACR

The back of the new Dodge Viper ACR at the 2009 North American International Auto Show.

The American Club Racing (ACR) model was introduced in 1999. This model featured suspension and engine enhancements focused on maximizing performance in road racing and autocross environments. Horsepower was (by way of K&N air filters and smooth intake tubes) bumped to 460 hp (370 kW) in these models, while torque went to 500 lbft (678 Nm). Weight was reduced by over 50 pounds (23 kg) by stripping the interior and removing other non essential items such as the fog lamps. The new stiffer, adjustable suspension removed another 14 pounds (6.4 kg) Along with engine and handling mods, these models are distinguished by an “ACR” badge, along with 20 spoke BBS wheels.

A new ACR was added to the Viper line up after the 2008 model year. Its upgrades are more drastic than the original, including street legal racing tires, two piece brake rotors, adjustable suspension, and significant aerodynamic revision. No engine modifications were made, so figures remain at 600 hp (450 kW) and 560 lbft (760 Nm) as in the base car. The ACR gives an advantage of being street legal. The ACR is similar to the MOPAR Viper that Dodge displayed at various auto shows. Weight is also decreased by as much as 80 lb (36 kg) by way of the “Hardcore Package” which deletes radio, speakers, amplifier, trunk carpet, hood pad and tire inflator. Its aerodynamic upgrades produce 1000 lbf (4.4 kN) of down-force at 150 mph (240 km/h), or roughly 10 times the downforce the base Viper SRT-10 can produce at the same speed. No upgrades were given to the interior except for the addition of a professional beacon-tripped lap timer.

The Viper ACR is built alongside the standard SRT-10 at the Conner Avenue plant in Detroit. The aerodynamic components are produced and assembled to the vehicle by Prefix Corporation located in Rochester Hills, Michigan.

Viper ACR-X

To commemorate the end of the fourth generation Viper and mend the gap from the car’s production end until the release of the new car, Dodge is offering an improved version of the ACR specifically designed to run in the Dodge Viper Cup Series. The new car, dubbed Viper ACR-X, takes the basic ACR and adds 40 hp, a new set of downforce enhancing front canards, and new materials that, along with a stripped interior, reduces weight to 3300 lbs. It is a purpose built race car, and is not street legal. According to Dodge, the car beat the regular record holding ACR around Laguna Seca by about four seconds (1:33.9 to 1:31). Price has only increased by ,000 US, bringing the total cost to 0,000. Production is slated for the spring of 2010.

Mopar Concept Coupe

“Mopar Concept Coupe” Viper at the 2007 Detroit Auto Show

A prototype 2008 Mopar Viper Coupe, with 675 hp (503 kW), appeared at the 2007 North American International Auto Show. There are currently no plans for production. This concept appears to have been a sneak peek at the Viper ACR. Performance parts from this car are for sale through Mopar.

Firepower

Main article: Chrysler Firepower

The Chrysler Firepower was a grand touring concept based on the Viper chassis that would have been equipped with the Hemi V-8. The pricing would have targeted a slightly less affluent buyer, or one desiring an automatic transmission.

Copperhead

Dodge Copperhead

Main article: Dodge Copperhead

The Dodge Copperhead was a concept car based on the Viper platform that was intended as a cheaper, more nimble car. It was powered by a V6 engine instead of the Viper’s V10. It never reached production. Dodge paid homage to this concept with the limited production Copperhead Edition Dodge Viper. Copperhead Vipers featured a copper colored paint similar to the concept, among with other unique changes.

Recognition

John Lingenfelter Memorial Trophy

2008 Most Expensive Car for Repair Costs, Bankrate.com

The 25,000th Viper is owned by Kurt Busch and the milestone was commemorated by Bob Nardelli, Chrysler LLC Chairman, in a ceremony at the Conner plant in March 2008.

Production

Dodge Viper production began in May 1992 at the New Mack Assembly Plant and was moved to Conner Avenue in October 1995. Viper V-10 engine production was transferred from Mound Road Engine to Conner Avenue Assembly in May 2001.

It was reported that Chrysler had intended to cease production of Dodge Viper in December 2009 and to sell off the Viper brand. Originally, Devon Motor Works was the only bidder interested of the sale by bidding .5 million. However, following the Chrysler Group LLC’s acquisition of Viper assets, the company later announced it was no longer pursuing a sale of the Viper business assets, and continue the production of Dodge Viper SRT10. Nevertheless, Devon Motor Works later unveiled a Dodge Viper-based Devon GTX, as 2010 model.

Motorsports

Following the release of the Viper in 1992, several North American and European teams attempted to race Viper RT/10s. Based on production cars and using an added roof for rigidity, the cars were not able to perform as hoped. Although they were never officially backed by Dodge, they got the company interested in developing a fully-backed race car by time the second generation Viper was under development.

Viper GTS-R

A Dodge Viper GTS-R used by Zakspeed in 2006 24 Hours Nrburgring

Main article: Chrysler Viper GTS-R

Based on the Viper GTS, the GTS-R was launched in late 1995 as an attempt to prove the capabilities of the Viper design worldwide, although the racing programs would mostly concentrate on Europe. Using such production engine components as the block, cylinder heads, and crankshaft, Dodge engineers were able to extract up to 750 hp (559 kW) from the normally 450 hp (336 kW) second generation 8.0 L V10 engine. The chassis was re-engineered from the ground up by British sports manufacturer Reynard Motorsport’s Special Projects Division under chief engineer Paul Brown, while Oreca would assemble and maintain the racing cars.

The car made its competition debut in the 1996 24 Hours of Daytona with Canaska Racing, followed by Oreca in the BPR Global GT Series. Oreca would go on to take most of the success with the Viper, winning the FIA GT Championship three times, 24 Hours of Le Mans class wins three times, and an overall win at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 2000.

Between 1999 and 2002, Zakspeed won the 24 Hours Nrburgring three times, with Viper chassis C15 and C36. In an attempt to outsmart the 2003 24h rules in which the GTS-R was granted special admission as “Chrysler Viper 1.350 kg 90 Liter 2 x 30,8 mm (air restrictors)”, Zakspeed entered as Dodge Viper. In pit stops, they filled in more than 90 liters of fuel, were penalized twice and finished fifth on track, with 134 laps. Afterwards, they appealed at DMSB and were disqualified altogether, with “Wertungsausschluss” (exclusion from classification) for the Chrysler Viper. As the rules limited engine capacity to 6200 cc since 2005, Zakspeed converted the engine into an V8 of that size.

Following the end of official factory support for the program in 2001, Vipers have been used by privateer teams with much success. Viper GTS-Rs continued to be used competitively even into 2007.

Viper Competition Coupe

A Viper Competition Coupe competing in the FIA GT3 European Championship

As of 2003, a special, non-street legal Viper SRT-10 Competition Coupe is available from Dodge for race car drivers, picking up where the GTS-R racing variant left off. The power and torque ratings have been improved, along with the vehicle being stripped of anything not essential for racing, such as the interior body panels, carpet, instrumentation, air conditioning, and stereo systems which lightened the car by 380 lb (170 kg). The Competition Coupe comes equipped with a full roll cage, a racing fuel cell, and other racing-related equipment. It is not sold through dealers and is purchased from Dodge directly as, essentially, a very expensive race car component. Pricing is approximately US0,000. The Viper Competition Coupe sees action in the highly competitive SCCA Speed GT World Challenge.

In 2004 Samuel Hubinette used a Competition Coupe with a modified rear axle for the Formula D, in which he won the title before the car was barred by the end of the season (due to the fact FD would adopt D1 Grand Prix regulations from the following year which had already prohibited the car from competing) and was replaced by an SRT-10 the following season.

After a few one-off entries in the Spa 24 Hours, from 2006, the Viper Competition Coupe raced in Europe fulltime for the first time, joining the new FIA GT3 European Championship with the Italian team Racing Box. At the end of the year, Oreca announced the development of a package transforming the car to GT2 regulations in national championships.

The Primetime Race Group use a Viper Competition Coupe in the American Le Mans Series in the GT2 class. They began racing in the end of the 2007 American Le Mans Series season. During the 2008 American Le Mans Series season they raced full-time with Hankook Tires. The car’s best result was a 5th place in the GT2 class at the 2008 12 Hours of Sebring. The team will continue to develop and race the viper in the 2009 American Le Mans Series season, now with Dunlop Tires.

Achievements: Viper Motorsports

2008 British GT Championship – won by J. Gornall & J. Barnes

2007 British GT Championship – won by B. Ellis & A. Mortimer

2007 Brazilian GT3 Championship

2007 24 hours of Nurburgring – SP8 Class, won by team Zakspeed

2006 Australian GT Championship – won by Greg Crick

2006 Dutch Supercar Challenge – won by Hans Ambaum

2006 Formula D – Championship – won by Samuel Hubinette

2006 24 hours of Nurburgring – SP8 Class, won by team Zakspeed

2006 Spa 24 Hours G3 – won by team Signa Racing

2005 FFSA GT Championship – won by O. Thevenin & P. Bornhauser

2005 24 hours of Nurburgring – A8 Class, won by P. Zakowski, R. Lechner & S. Bert

2004 SCCA Speed GT – Drivers Championship won by Tommy Archer

2004 FFSA GT Championship – won by P. Bornhauser

2004 Formula D – Championship, won by Samuel Hubinette

2004 Belcar Championship

2004 Italian GT Championship

2004 1000 Miles of Brazil – won by S. Zonca, A Lancellotti & F. Gollin

2003 FFSA GT Championship – won by D. Defourny & P. Goueslard

2003 Belcar Championship – won by Team GLPK

2003 Italian GT Championship – won by Team Racing Box

2003 Swedish GTR Championship – won by Team Tre Q AB

2003 EuroSeries GT Championship – won by Team Michael Martin Racing System

2002 FIA GT Championship GT1 Drivers, won by Christophe Bouchut

2002 FIA GT Championship GT1 Teams, won by Larbre Competition

2002 Belcar Championship – won by Team GLPK

2002 Swedish GTR Championship – won by Team OKA Racing

2002 24 hours of Nurburgring – Overall victory, won by Peter Zakowski, R. Lechner & P. Lamy

2002 Spa 24 Hours – won by C. Bouchut, S. Bourdais, D. Terrien & V. Vosse

2001 FIA GT Championship GT1 Drivers, won by Christophe Bouchut & Jean-Philippe Belloc

2001 FIA GT Championship GT1 Teams, won by Larbre Competition

2001 FFSA GT Championship – won by D. Dupuy & F. Fiat

2001 24 hours of Nurburgring – Overall victory, won by Peter Zakowski, M. Bartels & P. Lamy

2001 Spa 24 Hours – won by C. Bouchut, J.P. Belloc & M. Duez

2001 1000km of Fuji Endurance Race

2001 Belcar Championship – won by Team GLPK

2001 Swedish GTR Championship – won by Team OKA Racing

2000 FFSA GT Championship – won by D. Dupuy & F. Fiat

2000 Grand-Am – GT2 Class Champion

2000 24 Hours of Daytona – Overall victory

2000 American Le Mans Series – Class Champion, Team Oreca

2000 24 Hours of Le Mans – GTS Class 1st and 2nd place, won by team Oreca

1999 FIA GT Championship Drivers, won by Olivier Beretta & Karl Wendlinger

1999 FIA GT Championship Teams, won by Viper Team Oreca

1999 24 Hours of Le Mans – GTS Class 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th place finishes, won by Team Oreca

1999 American Le Mans Series – Class Champion, Team Oreca

1999 VLN German Championship Series – Won every race of season (10/10), Team Zakspeed

1999 24 hours of Nurburgring – Overall victory, won by Peter Zakowski, H.J. Tiemann, K. Ludwig & M. Duez

1998 FIA GT Championship GT2 Drivers, won by Olivier Beretta & Pedro Lamy

1998 FIA GT Championship GT2 Teams, won by Viper Team Oreca

1998 24 Hours of Le Mans GT2 Class 1st and 2nd , won by Team Oreca, First series production based American car to win at Le Mans

1997 FIA GT Championship GT2 Drivers, won by Justin Bell

1997 FIA GT Championship GT2 Teams, won by Viper Team Oreca

References

^ “The American Carrozzeria”. http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/coll/sci/112metal.html. Retrieved 2009-04-17. 

^ Vehicle Table

^ a b A history of the Dodge Viper from concept to current generation

^ a b c d e “1997 Dodge Viper GTS – American Car – Motor Trend Magazine”. Motortrend.com. 1997-05-01. http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/112_9705_1997_dodge_viper_gts/index.html. Retrieved 2009-11-23. 

^ a b c d e “2006 Dodge Viper Specifications” (online). http://www.automobilemag.com/am/2006/dodge/viper/specifications.html. Retrieved 2007-09-25. 

^ a b “Dodge Specs & Upgrades [2008 Viper"]. Chrysler. http://www.dodge.com/bridge/vehsuite.html?app=vehiclespecs&family=viper&model=Technical&zipcode=10101&year=2008. Retrieved 2008-05-02. 

^ “First Look: 2008 Dodge Viper Coupe and Convertible”. Motor Trend. http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/exotic/112_0702_2008_dodge_viper/engine.html. Retrieved 2008-06-18. 

^ 2008 Dodge Viper SRT10 Coupe and Convertible – Short Take Road Test/American Performance/High Performance/Hot Lists/Reviews/Car and Driver – Car And Driver

^ Ross, Jeffrey N. (2009-11-04). www.autotropolis.com “”Dodge Car Brand CEO Confirms End of Viper Production”". Autotropolis.com. http://www.autotropolis.com/auto-industry-news/dodge-car-brand-ceo-confirms-end-of-dodge-viper-production.html www.autotropolis.com. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 

^ a b Mark Gillies (September 2007). “2008 Dodge Viper SRT10 Coupe and Convertible – Short Take Road Test” (online). Car and Driver.com. http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/hot_lists/high_performance/american_performance/2008_dodge_viper_srt10_coupe_and_convertible_short_take_road_test. Retrieved 2009-02-19. 

^ Phillips, Drew (2009-03-25). “One Quick Snake: Stock 2008 Dodge Viper runs 10-second quarter mile”. Autoblog.com. http://www.autoblog.com/2009/03/25/one-fast-snake-stock-2008-dodge-viper-runs-10-second-quarter-mi/. Retrieved 2009-07-17. 

^ Dodge SRT-10 | evo Car Reviews | Car Reviews | evo

^ “Drive Smart – Yahoo! Cars UK”. Uk.cars.yahoo.com. http://uk.cars.yahoo.com/drive-smart/articles/article/18/. Retrieved 2009-11-23. 

^ special Dodge Vipers – Viper GT2 and ACR

^ Ron Batt (2008-04-28). “04/28/2008 – Prefix Delivers First Viper ACR”. Prefix Corporation. http://www.prefix.com/Announcements/. Retrieved 2008-05-05. 

^ Ron Batt (2009-12-10). “Dodge Reveals Viper SRT10 ACR-X Turn-Key Racer; Hits Tracks Next Summer”. http://wot.motortrend.com/6584953/auto-news/dodge-reveals-viper-srt10-acr-x-turn-key-racer-hits-tracks-next-summer/index.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ “Best 10, Worst 10 Cars for Repair Costs”. Yahoo.com. Bankrate.com. 2008-09-05. http://finance.yahoo.com/family-home/article/105665/Best-10,-Worst-10-Cars-for-Repair-Costs. Retrieved 2008-09-06. 

^ “25,000 Vipers Loose on the Streets”. Reuters. 2008-03-12. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS183994+12-Mar-2008+PRN20080312. Retrieved 2008-07-07. 

^ Report: Chrysler’s Viper Brand Attracts Just One Bid of .5 Million

^ “Viper sticks with Chrysler”. June 1, 2009. http://www.allpar.com/news/index.php/2009/06/viper-sticks-with-chrysler-kenosha-may-go-to-fiat/. Retrieved June 1, 2009. 

^ It ALIVE! Dodge Viper LIVES!

^ Monterey 2009: 2010 Devon GTX

^ “World Sports Racing Prototypes – Viper chassis numbers”. Wsrp.ic.cz. http://wsrp.ic.cz/chassis/chassis_viper.html. Retrieved 2009-04-29. 

^ 2003-24h-ausschreibung.pdf

^ Zakspeed legte Protest ein. Die Zakspeed-Viper (Peter Zakowski, Pedro Lamy und Robert Lechner), als Sieger der beiden vergangenen Jahre einer der Top-Favoriten auf den Gesamtsieg, wurde zweimal wegen eines zu groen Tankvolumens mit Strafen belegt. Die Lokalmatadoren beendeten das Rennen schlielich auf Rang fnf. Das Team legte gegen die Strafen Berufung ein, verlor aber vor dem Berufungsgericht des DMSB und wurde nachtrglich aus der Wertung ausgeschlossenhttp://adac.24h-rennen.de/archiv/2003/chronik-2003.html

^ http://adac.24h-rennen.de/fileadmin/24h/downloads/ergebnisse/2003/24h_korrigiertes_Klassenergebnis_A8_01-07-2003.pdf

^
Kevin Smith. “Preview Test: Dodge Viper RT/10″. Car and Driver (March 1992): 3843. 

“The Closest Thing To Having A Lola Champ Car In Your Garage” duPont Registry (June 2006) pg. 119

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dodge Viper

Dodge Viper Website – Dodge Brand Site

Internet Movie Cars Database Entry – Dodge Viper in IMCDB

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Categories: Coupes | Dodge vehicles | Flagship vehicles | Rear wheel drive vehicles | Muscle cars | Sports cars | Roadsters | 1990s automobiles | 2000s automobiles | Vehicles introduced in 1992 | Automobiles powered by 10 cylinder enginesHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009

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La Refinance-Top Las Vegas Nightclubs

Top Las Vegas Nightclubs

There is no shortage of nightclubs in las Vegas. One of the hottest nightclubs on the Strip is Pure, located at Caesar’s Palace. The Red Room inside Pure caters to celebrities and captures a sense of luxury and refined style in a hideaway secluded from the main nightclub. The 14,000 square foot terrace is also a great place to hang out while at Pure. Four stories high with a panoramic view of the strip and plenty of VIP seating, this area will have you dancing under the stars.

Rain nightclub, located in the white hot Palms resort, features real fireballs that light up the elevated dance floor and the water fountains dancing to the music. Skyboxes, cabañas and water booths provide a more intimate affair for 8 – 15 guests.

Looking for something a little more upscale? Try the 12,000 square foot Tryst nightclub at the Wynn. This celebrated nightclub is as stunning as the rest of the resort, outfitted in deep brown and red tones, velvet, marble, and evocative lighting. A 90-foot waterfall that cascades into a secluded lagoon offers a unbelievable view.

The sexy Tao nightclub at the Venetian combines great ambiance and music with an Asian bistro for late night cravings. Guests are greeted by bathing models at the entrance of Tao, where the lines to get in can get quite long.

If all you care about is dancing though, head on over to Jet nightclub at the Mirage. This is massive nightclub features three floors each with its own vibe and independently isolated from one another. The technology at Jet is impressive with cutting-edge lighting, sound, and cryogenic effects, not to mention an army of video screens.

VIP packages which include a reserved table for four, or transportation from your hotel by stretched limo, and are available starting at per person for ladies, or for guys.

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Lexus 2007 – Luxury and Elegance in a Premium Car Brand

Lexus has earned a well-deserved reputation for turning out utterly refined luxury vehicles. The hallmarks of this brand are a quiet, well-crafted cabin, a plush ride and commendable performance from powerful, nearly silent engines.

Launched by Toyota in the fall of 1989, the Lexus line represents the company’s effort to create a world-class luxury-car brand. Groundwork for the Lexus line was laid in the mid ’80s, when the company began tapping U.S. focus groups in an attempt to define design concepts best suited for American consumers.

In early 1989, Lexus unveiled its first two models, the entry-level ES 250 and the flagship LS 400. The LS 400 was lauded by both journalists and consumers alike for offering a stellar luxury-car experience, with a remarkably silent cabin and a refined engine. The cars were, however, panned by some for being somewhat less exciting than their European competitors because of bland styling and a suspension that placed plush ride quality over sporty handling dynamics.

By the early 1990s, the Lexus brand was expanded to other markets, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. Additional cars were also added to the lineup, including the SC 300 and SC 400 coupes and the brand’s first luxury performance sedan, the GS 300. Over the next few years, the company grew its line to include SUVs, with the addition of the LX 450 and RX 300. By the end of the decade, Lexus had sold over a million vehicles in the U.S. The 2000s saw Lexus proving itself a trendsetter with the launch of the world’s first luxury hybrid SUV, the RX 400h.

2007 Lexus ES350

The new Lexus ES350 is powered by a V6 engine, dispatching 272 hp to the front wheels via a new six-speed manu-matic. The 0-to-60 mph time drops from a claimed 7.2 to 6.8 seconds yet torque steer remains effectively muffled. Building on another strength of the outgoing car, the ES now offers optional upgraded leather upholstery that is even softer than the standard stuff. Other new temptations include a glass roof that extends over the back seat as well as the fronts, and a reversing camera and sonar proximity sensors that take all the tiresome judgment out of parking. The standard equipment list now includes keyless ignition, seventeen-inch wheels, stability control, and eight air bags. Although the car casts the same shadow as before, there’s an additional 2.2 inches between the axles, which not only helps the looks but also opens up the interior space a bit. Unlike those of many cars in this class, the ES350′s rear seats should elicit no complaints from passengers.

2007 Lexus GS450h

A brand new model for 2007, the Lexus GS 450h is a hybrid powered luxury performance rear-drive hybrid sedan. The 2007 Lexus GS 450h isn’t just your average trumped up hybrid sedan. The 2007 Lexus GS 450h delivers the performance of a modern V8 engine and sips fuel like a four cylinder; Lexus GS 450h smog forming emissions are 80% cleaner than the average car; the level of quiet during the electric-mode is half of that during normal engine operation and 0-60 mph is as quick as a Porsche 911 with Tiptronic. Under the hood the Hybrid Synergy Drive consists of a 3.5-liter all-aluminum V-6 generating 292 hp and 267 lb-ft, and two electric motors generating a peak 197 hp. Combined rating is 339 horsepower. Lexus has refined this synergy drive to be quieter, cleaner and quicker than its cousins.

2007 Lexus RX350

The RX 330 is being reworked for 2007 and is now renamed RX 350. Though external changes are minor, the changes made under its shapely exterior panels are significant. Now sitting under the hood for 2007 is a new 3.5-liter V6. The new all-aluminum engine has dual variable valve timing with intelligence (VVT-I), which allows for greater torque over a wider power band. The RX 350 produces 270 horsepower and 251 lb-ft of torque. The five-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission combines for great fuel efficiency. The interior has all the fancy trimmings expected; beautiful leather and wood trim with heated power front seats and two driver seat memory settings, plus a power tilt/telescopic steering wheel. Standard on the RX 350 is a new tire pressure monitoring system. A sensor is placed on each wheel and warns you via a warning light when the pressure gets too low. Other safety features include various multi-stage airbags for the driver and front passenger, and roll-sensing front and rear head/side curtain airbags for all occupants.

In the years since its inception, the Lexus brand has distinguished itself time and again in quality and reliability surveys. The brand may not offer as much passion as its Teutonic rivals, but for drivers interested in vehicles that emphasize quality, dependability and comfort, the Lexus line up can’t be beat.

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Sc Refinance-America Historic Hotel – Mills House Hotel

America Historic Hotel – Mills House Hotel

The The Mills House Charleston South Carolina hotel is a gem of a luxury America historic hotel. This historic Charleston SC hotel is the epitome of true southern hospitality. After the Mills House welcomed its first guests over 150 years ago, it was given a complete million renovation, restoring this hotel to its original splendor. Today, guests of The Mills House receive the charm of an historic hotel along with the comforts and amenities of any modern luxury hotel in Charleston.

The elegance and refinement of the city’s history comes alive in the antique crystal chandeliers and high ceilings of the parlors. The delicate scent of freshly cut flowers permeating the lobby evokes the grace of Victorian Charleston. This luxury hotel’s elegant and polished atmosphere is complemented by our state-of-the-art meeting and convention facilities.

The Historic The Mills House , a Conde’ Nast Traveler Gold List Hotel, invites you to explore the storied past that makes Charleston, SC unrivaled among the world’s top travel destinations. As a guest of our luxury hotel, stroll the same lobbies as legendary General Robert E. Lee and President Theodore Roosevelt.

Experience the rare combination of gracious Charleston South Carolina hospitality and charm in a fine Charleston SC downtown hotel. The The Mills House Charleston South Carolina hotel offers the best in Charleston SC lodging service and amenities. With rooms to meet the needs of every traveler to Charleston South Carolina our guests experience the best of Charleston SC accommodations in one of our uniquely decorated historic Charleston luxury hotel rooms. Each guestroom is furnished in ante-bellum reproductions and enhanced with a demi-canopy bed. Rich detail in decor and service provide guests with the feeling of a fine Southern home, rather than a hotel.

Arizona Refinance-Arizona Home Buyers – 1% Down Gets You The Home You Deserve, No Strings Attached!

Arizona Home Buyers – 1% Down Gets You The Home You Deserve, No Strings Attached!

You don’t even have to be a first time home buyer!

An Arizona based HUD that is an approved non-profit charity offers the Arizona Home Buyer Solutions Gift Program offering numerous benefits for people who could not afford a home before.  Now, with real estate prices falling to rock bottom prices, the time is perfect for you to buy.  There has been much talk in recent months about foreclosures and shorts sales, but with this program you are not limited only to these homes.  If you want an affordable and quality home, the time is now.

Still not convinced?  The Lending Company is the first lender to have access to this incredible program, which is the answer to many prayers for those wanting their own home.  Need a few facts to help you make your decision?  

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Employment Potential for Agricultural and Allied Graduate as Self Employers

Employment Opportunities for Agricultural Graduates

G.M. Wani

Ph.D ; D.V.M (Germany)

FN ISSGAPU, FN DAAD

Director Extension Education / SAMETI

Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

Shalimar, Srinagar, 191121

 

Introduction

 

          In the past few years the growth of Agricultural Universities have increased from few in  1940 to more than 40 by 2004. The enrolled students number increased from mere half a thousand to nearly 20 thousands between this period. As on today we have 260 colleges in India imparting educational degrees in Agriculture alone. They consist of various disciplines including veterinary, horticulture, sericulture, forestry, floriculture and a number of other sub-disciplines as plantation crops, medicinal herbs, mushroom, seed production, dairy production, agri-management and like. A number of Government department in India employ agricultural and allied graduates. The mode of recruitment is through respective State & Central Govt. public service commissions.

Beside professional employment, the agricultural graduates can compete in the national or State administrative or financial and allied services. Similarly many banks, insurance companies, private industries, private concerns and development companies. The NGO do also employ agricultural and allied graduates. The graduates have to go through employment new and other professional Journals through Radio, TV and both central and State Govts. also give advertisements. A vast number of professional, managerial and industry related advanced courses after agri or allied graduation are also advertised. They include business management, financial management or related disciplines in corporate sector. A diploma in mass media, computers or even commerce shall fetch a graduate additional employment chances in Govt. and private sectors. Opportunities in foreign countries for agri-graduates are also there, however this would need diploma  in international agriculture and a driving licence besides a passport.

 

For graduates a number of courses are available for Masters. Even on date we have 1/3rd positions vacant in SAU and ICAR Institutes, for which annually ARS examination is being held by Agriculture Scientists Recruitment Board. The recruitment to scientists and Assistant professors is open to all M.Sc /M.V.Sc or allied post graduates and Ph.D holders. Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with NABARD and other banks have launched Agri-business Agri clinic courses. They are 3 months courses on the  job training  to Agri-graduates free of cost. In fact all the expenses are borne by the Agri-business school. A network of such training schools have been established. We have also a dozen in J&K. There is a strong future for agri-graduates in private sector. They can set up crop, fruit nurseries or open seed sale and production centres. We have a number of successful agri-graduates earning more than Rs. 20,000/- a month in various parts of the valley. The whole agricultural and allied sector has a strong employment generation potential. We have identified 15 such agri business ventures, which can be profitable employment ventures. A great potential of employment is hidden in Nursery plants for fruits and vegetables. An investment of Rs. 30,000/- per year may give a net profit of Rs. 2 lakh per annum.

Australia also provides many jobs like in Europe and USA for Indian Agri-graduates. The respective embassies or the internet employment advertise many help Agri graduates. For Australia information can be had on www.dookie. Uniemb.ed.am/. More personal information can be had on phone 0427355721 or email saparker@uniemeb.edu.an.  Likewise many websites are available around the globe and in India too. New ventures financed by banks are Agri.biotechnologies and precision farming  for organic Agriculture.

Agricultural development over years has been the result of continuous agri skill generation and its popularization. The earliest agriculture was animal domestication. Over thousands of years man domesticated wild fowl, dog, goat and smaller animals, whom he could overpower easily and subjugate to his sub-ordination. Agriculture thus since beginning has been the results of trails, experiments and experiences over years, learned first though behavioral changes, psychic reoccurrences, memories passed through parents to children and later on through doing and learning and now through sharing experiences and writing them or dotting them as an Entrepreneurship concern.

 

Entrepreneurship concept 

 

          The Entrepreneurship adds economic profits and cost-benefit ratios to Agricultural Output. Entrepreneurship is dominated by four factors like:

 

a.                  Social changes

b.                 Support system availability

c.                  Resource base and its utilization

d.                  Self confidence, exploration work capacity and intellectual potency.

 

An entrepreneur has to have a thinking of his own, a capacity building interest in acquiring needed technique. An explorative and analytic faculties to judge the way of procuring cheap raw material. He must be equipped with “knowledge” and mindset to use and benefit out of it.

 

Farm Business

 

       A potential entrepreneurship must strive from getting maximum output. Decades back agricultural development and industrial setups was a public sponsored and heavily subsidized but over time “knowledge” explosion in Indian Agriculture, have brought us on threshold of a  system, where wide distances exist between industry and farm business. Where huge subsidies are benefiting Agro-Industrialists. The Farmers who use fertilizers or agro-chemical are crushed under economic pressures. The gaps between technology generated and technology use at farmers door is increasing day after day. The farm technology adoption rates are not more than 20-30% by any higher prospective.

The use of information and communication technology (I&CT) for reducing the gaps and increasing productivity is the need of the hour (Wani, 2005). The modern technology and knowledge flow is fast expanding and bringing change. It demands more educated and trained farmers. Our education system has produced more literates but not educationally trained youth to earn their own bread. They after attaining graduation in agriculture and allied sectors, beg for job. The system has to be corrected to make these graduates as employers and not employees. I wrote a treatise in 1992, emphasizing a system where our agriculture graduates should be employers not employees. Germans are smart to have Farmers school, Farmer business training institutes, practical agri-farmers training centres and like, where every farmer or animal husbandry man is essentially a trained fellow. The banking system is so organized that they are on the door of convocation hall to sell their agri-business and agri-clinics packages to graduates, without any investments. Banks are so smart, that they have surveyed the villages who need vets or agri-graduates or have attained land and all facilitation, so that agricultural or veterinary or even other medico-biological graduates are used as bank investment. This is what is envisaged in India under agri-clinic, Agribusiness venture. We have trainings not in the hands of banks but with universities. There is practically little interaction between universities or banks or employers.

 

Success of Agribusiness:

 

A poor liaison and support system between Govt. banking and University culture has made this otherwise an remunerative and lucerative programmes into a failure inspite of its personal monitoring by PMO. We visited Bandipora district and unregistered Agriclinic graduates were earning a handsome salary, more than the Rahbar-e-zerat or Agriculture Asstt. Agribusiness viz sale of pesticides, cattle feed, poultry feed and agri-extension services were common. At a small village in Papchan, one agri graduate Mr. Iqbal Shah earns Rs. 10,000/- per month by selling the services and input. At a distance of few kms in the same district one      Mr. Khyatlani owns a big poultry farm and earns around Rs. 20,000/- per month. Both these entrepreneurs employ 2-3 persons at present. Similarly, the success shown by one Mr. Shah at Malangam in Agri products and pesticide sale and one Mr. Bhat in Dairy production and milk product sale earn a handsome income besides generating employment for poor. All these agricultural graduates have started their own business concerns without any bank or university help.

 

Farmer as Entrepreneur

 

Indian Farming and farmer has to change if proper WTO recommendation and GATT agreements are to be followed. The present day poultry scenario is emerging as high profile agri-business in India. The conversion of poultry farmer’s into poultry entrepreneurs shall make the present day 6% contribution of poultry products from India and China to 25% share of Global market. This when translated into action shall increase employment generation by manifolds. The introduction of rural based Vanraja, Gramapriya, Giriraja, Cari Gold and vast other locally grown varieties of poultry have adopted well to our agri-rural base. The market acceptability is higher than exotic poultry concerns. Free-rang-poultry is like BT cotton hybrid spreading through villages of India and assuring high returns and exports (wani, 2007).

 

Poultry as Agri-business

 

Dr. Gordon Butland, president of Global poultry strategies presents “Backyard poultry production” as a tool of alleviating poverty and malnutrition. We have tried to distribute “birds” under free-range system in all our KVK’s, our results were excellent and income generation was totally in favour of the Agri-business and agri-clinics.

 

This all will need the involvement of Agri-Veterinary and food processing technocrats to develop rural-based establishments so as to foster export and fast returns.

 

Holistic Vision for Livestock Enterprise

 

Improving income, employment and self-reliance among educated graduates and un-employed youth especially women needs fostering community development, women empowerment, environmental protection. Rural-based backyard poultry subscribes to all these norms and could be a rich resource for developing agri-entrepreneurship. Govt. of India is liberally financing such agri-business ventures. Some of the success stories in animal husbandry section can be reproduced as follows:

 

Backyard poultry and incubation

 

Though the Vanraja are the most suitable for back yard poultry, they do not have habit of broodiness. There is a problem among the farmer to get a broody hen in all season. KVK solve this problem of hatching by installing small unit of hatchery. Every month 15-20 farmers are benefited by purchasing chicks for backyard poultry. There are 200 back yard poultry units of Vanraja. Each farmer is rearing 10 to 25 in the backyard. There is a good demand and response for the chicks and eggs of Vanraja. KVKs are now planning to expand this entrepreneurship by Agri-graduates .

 

Semi-stall-fed Goat Rearing

 

KVK’s made an intervention to improve this enterprise by conducting short duration training  programmes for rural youth. Similarly exposure visit were organized on goat feed, breed and health management. More emphasis was given on Osmanabadi goat and up-gradation in selected non-descript goat breed by osmanabadi pure buck and given the knowledge about semi stallfed goat rearing concept. This experience in Andra Pradesh shows a great potential for agri-graduates own business.

 

Broiler Production

 

A KVK has conducted training programmes for 165 trainees. Due to training and demonstrations awareness was increased about contract farming in broiler production with private sector which provide chicks, feed and medicine and after 40 days purchases them back. They acquired skills through learning by doing at KVK demonstration unit and earned money. The technology has been adopted by 10 percent of youths now in the radius of 20 km. There are 27 poultry units having capacity of 5000-10000 poultry birds on contract farming basis. These self employed rural youth earning Rs 10000-15000 per lot.

A seminar-cum-farmer’s meet was arranged at SKUAST-K on 26-   27th of Oct.2007. The knowledge –sharing with farmers by agricultural graduates and scientists was emphasized by His Excellency the  Chancellor and Governor of J&K.  A vision of poverty alleviation through backyard poultry intervention was the theme of the seminar. Many belts in Gurez, Tangdar, Tillail and Zanskar are rearing native livestock species. They are better suited and  need improvement and identification. The cooking methods will need more expansion and scientific intervention for export. More emphasis has to be made on:

 

·        Safe feed and food.

·        Organic fodder and food.

·        Operational excellence and modern mechanization to improve quality of indigenous enterprises.

·        Local family management to farm business management and seller-buyer mode adoption.

This will need graduate farmers who are trained. Thus future farmer has to be a farmer graduate as in USA, Germany etc.

 

High Value Agri-business

 

Rapid growth rate in high value commodities in Indian agriculture promises 40% total output. The sectors assuming importance for export earnings are Fruits, milk, vegetable and poultry. Thus Agriclinic training centres should focus on these commodity oriented trainings. The sector may need more than 1 lac young agri-graduate entrepreneurs to achieve national goals and not the mere 14000 un-employed agriculture graduates.

 

Technological Prospective

 

The technological gaps between research yields and Farmers yields  are wide. The technological know how over years is on shelf. Much of it has remained frozen if not dead within the fore walls of institutions. The location specific, crop and soil specific innovations to farmer’s practices are few. Our integrated  & mixed farming practiced by our farmer’s, needs packages recommending mixed farming improvements which is not forth coming. Our research institutes mostly aped the experimentations on commercial farming of west with few modifications and even additions at times. Our traditional agriculture existing still in remote areas encompass the use of farm yard manure, vormiculture & use of agricultural waste materials. The present problems of low soil fertility, reduction in yields and soil salinity have arisen due to excessive use of chemical inputs in farming with little care of the soil.

This scenario resulted due to incomplete innovative approaches of research. Our researchers blindly advocated more and more use of fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides, which helped to gain grain revolutions, but left legacy of polluted water, air & environment with degraded soils. These revolutions debarred future sustenance. This was due to poor perception.

Thus immediate need is to make researchers akin with information technology and advanced communication. The rapid evolution of information science demands quick and speedy transfer of technologies, awareness & even subject reviews to farmer’s for speedy application. The productivity would be better if technological advances are adopted and their impact is known. The knowledge of computer hardware, software as well interlinking the information dissemination channels and outlets is essential. This will consume hundreds of Agri-graduates in mass media, information and communication.

 

Our vision

Mixed Farm University Culture:

            Higher productivity gains can be achieved through application of technology and production recommendations at farmer’s fields. We have 65% small and marginal farmers whose awareness potential is low. The production system prevailing with these farmers is a mixed farming or composite farming. In contrast to USA and European agriculture our necessity is to   increase “Crop –livestock-fish-plant integrated production system with multiple livelihood opportunities”. Therefore, we need our own innovative educational and training policies. A mixed agriculture University and Education set ups is our necessity. We are at present going astray to our need. Quick and fast measures and needed to unify our educational system, involving all agriculture and allied disciplines, industries, corporate sectors and farmers institution.

 

Higher productivity Concerns:

Indian Agricultural pride years of green revolution post 1968 saw reduction in food gain imports and subsequently white, blue and other revolutions sustained our population pressures and agriculture growth. Our agricultural growth rate (AGR) need to be equal if not more to population growth rate (PGR). Our AGR target ought to be double the PGR.

This is important as consumption rates, purchasing power and employment prospects increase. An estimated food grain of 210 million tons at present may need to be doubled in next 10 years. We have to achieve high targets of productivity by vertical expansion as horizontal land expansion is just not possible. Dr. M.S. Swaminathan has quoted figures as of 160 million tones of rice from 40m hac of land, thereby setting the productivity target of 4 t/h. Like wise production of 100 million tones of wheat from 25 million tones of wheat from 25 million hectors needs a productivity of 4t/hac. Our aim to double  our per hac productivity needs more technical manpower in extension, industry and at gross root level.

The climatic disasters, earthquakes, Titanic tsunami, floods; have effected our agricultural production in the past and additional requirements needs to be kept in mind while planning food security. We need to increase per capita consumption expenditures of Rs.600 per month. We need to bridge the gaps between potential and actual yields at farmers level. The chemical farming hazards of poor soil fertility, low water availability, pollution and environmental concerns impede our agricultural development. Thus refined technology, participatory research and educational modules are needed. The new pressures of Global marketing. World trade and tariff regulations have to be accommodated. This all will need incorporation of new themes like post-harvest management, value addition, packaging, communication, credit and market information services in our course curricula. Thus a new multidimensional change in academic curriculum is envisaged, which may open new opportunities for Agricultural and allied graduates.

 

Quality Assurance

We feel pride in calling ourselves as the 2nd largest Agricultural Research system (ARS) in World. When we review our performance we are no where in top ten of most cited agriculture publications countries in the World.  USA tops the world list with 3,62,79,842 cited publication/annum, with small country like Switzerland at No.10. The scientific out put in agriculture is highest in USA with 27 lac publication/year followed by Japan, Germany, U.K, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China and Australia. Our contribution to Agriculture publication is 5.48% only with our share of citation at 2.32%. This demands more focus on Quality Assurance. Our prime agenda should be quality Agriultural Education. Our emphasis has to be on:

Academic quality, Accreditation; Desired knowledge, Assessment, Skill and competence building and academic audit. Quality assurance, means strengthening resources, information  and maintenance of educational infrastructure. Thus we need to regulate grants and centre-state relations rationally. This will open golden opportunities to our graduate across the borders.

 

Employment opportunities

            We have 36 state/deemed or central agricultural Universities and 20 general universalities with 48 agricultural faculties. The total disciplines needing grants may be strengthened in 5 yrs by 1 core grants to each discipline for quality assurance. We produce 10,000 under graduate 5500 post graduates and 1600 Ph.D in agriculture every years . They add to our unemployed pool. For making them self employees in new ventures and for increased employment , their competence building  in Global economics and trade policies. Biotechnology, Bioinformation, Biofertilizers, pesticides and fungicides etc are to be enhanced. New faculty development in all the Universities and colleges is to be executed in coming 5 years. Such as :

Pest information and survey; Risk Management Analysis; Decision support system; Geographic information system. A new trust is to be given to course curriculum integrating field practices in a partnership mode with farmer. A teacher-student-farmer-industry, interaction and co-operation is to be developed. A new model of mechanics in Agricultural and allied curricula is to be integrated, unified and fine tuned to end results. This will demand inter and intra faculty harmony and synchronized course curricula at UG, PG and Ph.D level. This has to be fine tuned to our field requirements and location orientations and Employment opportunities will be the end result.

 

Asia Specific Agricultural Education:

            Indian Economy is a agri-centre economy which supports 70% of our population, as direct rural employment . Forty five percent of the income generated by industries comes from Agri-based (Agro) Industries. Therefore , a vast potential and resource is hidden in it. If we think of Asia specific Agriculture, we have to play a significant role in the region which has 60% of the world population. The region is rich of energy and oil resources and millennium buzz word is open boarders and common market with first priority on peace, confidence and trust. For up-liftmen of region we need training education  and human resource utilization. Therefore Agriculture educational reforms are on our door steps to harvest the gains of common economy in the SARC and total Asian region. These educational reforms should involve schools, colleges and Universities. The re-modeling of curriculum will need incorporation of new emerging era, like competitive global marketing, the climatic, disaster, technology use, restrictions, sustainability, environment, water resource conservation, remediation factors etc.

Agri-educational reforms are needed so that ICAR parallels USDA, in governing grant-in aid to whole agriculture sector. An omnibuss act of agriculture in  the shape of USA farm bill of 1996 is envisioned. New educational policies so drafted shall be non-discriminative, comprehensive , transparent and accountable. They will pave a way to total employment in Asia for Agri and allied graduates.

 

Access to Education and Training:

            Access to education and training to people below the poverty line, rural youth and women is to be ensured. This will need a total restructured education infrastructure. A three tyre model  is envisioned which consists of:

1.                   On the job, training opportunities on farm mechanization and agriculture.

2.                  Training skills, up-gradation and rural orientation at University level, refinement and more innovative participatory mode at farmers field. Roaming teaching taught system on holidays and Sundays.

3.                  Teacher-student-farmer-industry-interaction-work and planed-self- learning by living with farmers. It will ensure quality training and job improvement of skilled manpower for use in Asian Agri development Market. The utilization of Rehbar-e-Zerat in this paid Agri-services to farmers shall provide them job and money.

 

Informal-flexible Agriculture Information Services

            A flexible curriculum models which should have many options at B.Sc level like:

            1.     Natural science

       2.     Agri Science

       -      Production system

       -      Agri-business

       -      Social science

       3.     International Agriculture

       4.     Natural Resources

            5.     Agri-business management

       6.     Biological engineering

       7.     Dietetrics

       8.     Landscape Architecture

These inclusions at B.Sc or Post graduate level shall help in graduate employment.

Export Orientation in Agri-education & employment:

            In the present era of bio-safety, phyto and zoo sanitation have assumed tremendous importance. Education and knowledge was safe and secure treasure in the past. It is no more true. The export needs knowledge and new inventions need patenting. Web and web designing have made invisible teachers to unknown students. The students-teacher relationship has raised to spiritual horizons. New targets for future educational planning and policies need to have more information and communication technology. Therefore courses on I&C with computer applications is must. These have been strengthened in the SAU and ICAR institutions in the last few years. However a total connectivity is needed with farmers, farm organizations and utilization departments to harvest the gains of technological reforms to increase our exports. Inspite of ranking I in milk production our exports are meager. This is because of poor –zoo-sanitation and Global lobiest are critical of our disease free status. Therefore, policies and programmes in Agri-export orientation and the training to our agri-vet. And allied graduates is a must. Training of these graduates in management, mass media, export-import ventures, industry and related agrobased ventures like sales of fertilizers, pesticides, seeds etc is needed. 

 

References

 

Bishnapada, Sehthi, 2007. Backyard Poultry in Orissa. Orissa Review, January, 2007. pp 48-52.

Dipak De, 2004. Workshop Background and recommendations In communication support for sustaining extension services edited Dipak De, Jirli,B and Ghadi,K. Deptt. of Extension Education, Institute of Agric. Sci, BHU, Varanasi.

Dobrowski, Z.T.2000.The necessity of changes in the methodology of development and implementation of integrated pest management.Pre-conference Symposium – Progress in Plant Protection, held at Nowoursynowska, Poland, 40(1): 334 -342.

Frewer, L.J; Howard, C and Shepherd R. 1998. The influence of initial attitudes on  responses to communication about genetic engineering in food production. Agriculture & Human values. 15(1):15-30.

Hardman, PA; Darroch, MAG; Ortmann, GF; Trienekens, JH, and Omta, SWF,2002. Improving co-operation to make South African fresh apple export value chain more competitive.Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Chain and network management in agribusiness and food industry. Noordwifk, Netherlands 6-8 June, 2002 PP 434-443.

Jacques Diouf 1998,Director General, FOAReport on World Food Day, 26th Oct, 1998 Rome.

Luttichen, R.E; Robert, P.C; Rust,R.H and Larson, W.E.2000. Development of an internet based communication and information network to progress the implementation of precision agriculture.Proc. 5th int. conf. on Perecision Agriculture, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, 16-19 July,2000. Publ. 2001 CD. Page 1-14.

Report of the Quinquennial, Review team for KVK Zone V, AP & Maharastra, September,,2001, Edited Wani, G.M, C.M.Singh. Gogoi, DK; Sandhu and Suilac C,9th September,2001, Hyderabad.

Sher-Muhammad; Garforth, C, and Kausar Almas, 2001. Adoption of recommended agricultural technologies by farmers as an indicator of effective communication by extension field staff.International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 3(1):13-15. b

Sidiqui, M.A.A, 2004. Plant Resource Management for Entrepreneurship Development. Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business, Deptt. of Extension Education, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar- J&K.

Sutton, A.L; Ong. H.K; Zulkifli, I; Tee, TP and Liang, JB. 2002.The role of Education and Technology Transfer in Livestock Waste Management. Proc. 4th Int. Livestock Waste Management symposium 19-23 May,2002, PP 281-288. Published Malaysian Society of Animal Production, Selangor, Malaysia.

Wani, 2004. Role of communication in enhancing agricultural production – a Vision . In Communication support for sustaining extension services edited. Dipak De, Jirli, B and Ghadi,K. Deptt. of Extension Education, BHU, Varanasi, PP 1-26.

Wani, G. M.2000, World Food Day Bulletin, 16 Oct, 2000, Directorate of Extension Education, SKUASTK, Shalimar Srinagar, Kmr.

Wani, G.M. 2004. Agriculture Production & Entrepreneurship – Preface to the proceedings on Plant Resource Management for entrepreneurship development, Directorate of Extension Education, SKUAST-K Shalimar, PP 1-4.

Wani, G.M.2003 Appraisal of Training needs of Farmers. Lead paper presented at National Seminar on “Apraisal of Institutionalized Farmers’ Training Activities’organized by Indian Society for Agriculture Extension at GBPU of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U.P

Wani,G.M.2007. Message, “Backyard poultry Production”. Seminar on Backyard poultry Farming for women empowerment & nutritional security Oct. 26-27, 2007, SKUAST-K, J&K PP.

Yahaya, M.K and Omokhaye,S.B.2001. Cocoa farmer’s perceived influence of communication channels on utilization of improved cocoa seed technologies in owan –east local Government area of Edo State. Moor – Journal of Agricultural Research 2(2) : 199-207.

More Sc Refinance Articles

Nj Refinance-Reflexology Massage Therapy and Reiki Can Work Together to Treat Mental Illness in Holmdel NJ

Reflexology Massage Therapy and Reiki Can Work Together to Treat Mental Illness in Holmdel NJ

Reflexology massage therapy combined with Reiki can help in the treatment of various mental health disorders in Monmouth County, Middletown, Hazlet, Red Bank, Colts Neck, Lincroft, Atlantic Highlands, Highlands, Union Beach, Keyport, Matawan, Aberdeen, Leonardo, Rumson, Fair Haven and Little Silver, New Jersey. Reflexology massage therapy is offered at therapeutic massage spas in Holmdel NJ.

According to Rosie Langdale-King, Reflexology practitioner and teacher and Reiki master, clinical depression is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the western world, with up to 20 percent of the population suffering from it. At the rate it is increasing, authorities are alarmed that it could come second only to heart disease as the most disabling condition by the year 2020.

Other widespread mental health disorders include anxiety; schizophrenia; bi-polar disorder; borderline personality disorders; mental health disorders related to substance abuse issues; and learning difficulties.

Langdale-King attributes mental health disorders to negative life experiences; lowered self-esteem; and daily stress from problems such as financial pressures and relationship issues. With very low self-esteem, patients lose the ability to handle even the most ordinary situations in life. Some even have difficulty getting up in the morning to face a new day. They don’t have enough courage to set proper boundaries in order to become self-empowered. Instead, they cringe in fear against the world.

Langdale-King points to poor nutrition and exposure to food additives, household chemicals, and inhaled pollutants from smoking, exhaust and industrial chemicals as aggravating factors. These chemicals and pollutants hinder the body’s proper use of nutrients. It has been found that people who are mentally ill also have deficiencies in vitamin B6 and zinc. Food high in refined sugar, carbohydrates, processed food and acid-forming food such as meats, grains and milk nudge the body toward states of anxiety. Food intolerance – such as wheat intolerance and lactose intolerance – block up the colon and throw the entire system off balance. Any physical disturbance is immediately reflected in the mental, psychological and emotional state of the patient.

Langdale-King combines Reflexology and Reiki for the body’s detoxification from chemicals, pollutants and toxic wastes. These two therapies also bring about calm and relaxation, removing stress and rebalancing the nervous system and all other body systems. She asserts that when the body is freed from stressors, pollutants and other inhibitors it will naturally bring itself back to wellness.

With Reflexology, the practitioner stimulates specific points on the patient’s feet in order to normalize certain organs and bring equilibrium to the whole. With Reiki, the practitioner works on the patient’s subtle life force energy system or aura, readjusting it to remove blockages and stagnation. Such blockages and stagnations cause illness in the body, mind and spirit. Only the free flow of life force energy brings optimal health and wellness.

Langdale-King describes people with mental health conditions as anxious, depressed, unmotivated, lethargic and generally emotionally and physically unwell. Because of their anxiety, they hold their muscles in extreme tension, resulting in severe pain in their joints and soft tissues. They also take shallow breaths, restricting the flow of oxygen to the body’s cells.

The combination of Reflexology and Reiki enables patients to become calmer. This helps them to breathe properly in order to allow the proper mount of oxygen in. Patients who have undergone the combined therapies had decreased levels of physical pain and higher levels of relaxation and peacefulness. Their anxiety levels fell and they became more even-tempered.

Langdale-King recommends that her patients also shift to more alkaline-forming food such as fruits and vegetables because these further help bring about calmness and diminish anxiety.

In addition to reflexology massage therapy, therapeutic massage spas also offer Swedish massage therapy, deep tissue massage therapy, sports massage therapy and pregnancy massage therapy in Holmdel NJ.

Nj Refinance-Reflexology Massage Therapy Can Help Treat Acne in Holmdel NJ

Reflexology Massage Therapy Can Help Treat Acne in Holmdel NJ

Beryl Crane, founder and director of the Crane School of Reflexology and a fellow of both the Reflexologists’ Society and the Association of Reflexologists, writes a case study on how she used reflexology massage therapy to help a young girl with a bad case of acne vulgaris. This can be an inspiration to everyone suffering from acne in Monmouth County, Middletown, Hazlet, Red Bank, Colts Neck, Lincroft, Atlantic Highlands, Highlands, Union Beach, Keyport, Matawan, Aberdeen, Leonardo, Rumson, Fair Haven, and Little Silver. You can get reflexology massage therapy in a reputable therapeutic massage spa in Holmdel NJ.

According to Crane, acne vulgaris is a condition of the sebaceous glands. These glands produce an oily substance called sebum. Sometimes the sebum hardens or skin debris plugs the exit of new sebum. When this happens, sebum accumulates in the sebaceous gland, inflaming it. Bacteria may then build up, creating pus. This appears as pustules or acne spots on the skin surface. If pricked, these could be even further infected, causing deep scarring.

Crane’s client was a 16 year old girl who had been suffering from acne vulgaris on her face, chest and back for more than a year. She had been using anti-acne soaps and over the counter treatments to no avail. Her parents brought her to a doctor who prescribed topical treatments but these further inflamed her skin. The doctor changed her treatment to oral medication for several weeks but her mother saw a number of side effects which they did not want.

Crane observed that the condition of her skin was having a great negative psychological effect on the girl.  She was unsuccessfully trying to cover her acne with makeup. She was making up excuses to absent herself from school because she said people were commenting on her skin. She was experiencing mood swings and was being quarrelsome toward her own younger brother.

Crane further observed that the girl was overweight. During the interview, she reported that she was not having regular bowel movements, sometimes missing a day and sometimes having loose bowel movements. She also experienced excessive sweating of her feet and was always tired.

During treatment, Crane found the girl’s feet to be very tense. She found extreme tenderness and sensitivity in reflexology points corresponding to the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, liver, kidneys, large intestine, small intestine, spine and shoulders. Aside from treating these points, Crane also palpated TB.6 point on the girl’s forearm, corresponding to skin eruptions; the Wind Stream point on the scaphoid fossa on the ear, corresponding to skin irritations; and the auricular points.

The girl admitted that she ate junk food every day in the form of snack chips and that she drank very little water but took mostly soda, coffee and tea. Crane advised her to replace her junk food snacks with fruit and to drink six to eight glasses of water every day. Crane further suggested that she decrease her intake of refined carbohydrates and fat while increasing her intake of fish, chicken, vegetables and salads. It was recommended also that she get regular exercise and fresh air while avoiding the use of makeup.

After every reflexology treatment, Crane said the girl looked relaxed and refreshed with pink cheeks. She had six consecutive reflexology treatments followed by monthly maintenance treatments. Her spots gradually decreased and her scars gradually began to fade.

Therapeutic Massage refers not only to reflexology massage therapy, though. You can also ask for Swedish massage therapy, deep tissue massage therapy, sports massage therapy and even pregnancy massage therapy from the same
therapeutic massage spa in Holmdel NJ.

Mi Refinance-The Great American Housing Challenge

The Great American Housing Challenge

December 13, 2008 — BLOOMFIELD, MI – Mortgage rates dipped this past week to 40 year lows and although many homeowners would like to refinance and lower their mortgage payments, a significant portion cannot due to being upside down in their homes.

Nationally, as of October, almost 25% of financed properties have less than 5% equity in them or are upside down. Nevada leads the nation at almost 53%, followed by Michigan at almost 47%. Refinancing to lower mortgage payments will be difficult for many homeowners as they would have to bring money to the closing that they probably don’t have.

The government’s efforts in creating programs to help homeowners, have so far failed to significantly slow the deluge of foreclosures.

FHA Secure, designed to help homeowners refinance out of subprime ARM’s, has reported questionable result numbers according to the New York Times. In fact, the definition of the program was changed to pump up the program’s numbers.

FHA’s Hope for Homeowners has also generated dismal results. A 47 page list of participating lenders, updated by HUD December 12th, doesn’t have any of the top tenlenders in the country on it. These lenders account of almost 70% of the mortgage market, if they’re not on the list, consider the program a failure.

On November 11th, the government announced an initiative for lenders to modify mortgages held by FNMA & FHLMC. An 0 per loan incentive was even offered. This program was so well received by lenders that there’s now talk about tying the receipt of federal bailout funds to participation in the initiative.

So, what would be a better solution to help keep people in their homes and seriously slow foreclosures? It’s all about affordable monthly payments. So, how about doing away with appraisals altogether on refinance transactions that don’t pull any cash out of a property and lower the homeowner’s mortgage payment?

Through ownership of FNMA/FHLMC/FHA/VA the government already effectively owns over half the residential mortgages in the U.S. As such, we’ve got nothing to lose by ignoring appraised values. We can only gain by lowering monthly payments to make it more affordable for homeowners to stay in their homes and avoid foreclosure.

This solution also avoids the issues of trying to force lenders into doing loan modifications and the investor lawsuits associated with those same modifications.

Anyone have a better idea?

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